Trip or Treat: Happy Helloween!

APPENDIX A Darkness preceded the light of Creation and night begins the day. Likewise the Jewish calendar begins in the Fall, although things were different before the Exile, when barley cakes were still offered to Astarte, the Queen of Heaven. James Ussher, the seventeenth century Archbishop of Armagh in the Church of Ireland, dated the Creation to October 22, 4004 BC. This late harvest period has always been celebrated throughout the northern hemisphere as a time of magic and ritual, when the souls of the deceased returned to us for one night and day, to eat and drink together and share the never-ending story that is life. Many of the customs are similar to earlier (in the year, that is) harvest celebrations and also share many elements with modern Christmas---this is all related to the symbolism of the harvest, fertility and marriage, averting death and disease and bringing prosperity in to the new year. The Celts in particular celebrated four annual fire festiva...